The Craft of Writing: Creativity, Neurochemistry, and the Writing Journey.
What Makes a Writer?
The making of a writer involves both nature and nurture. Scientists have found highly creative people’s brains are structured differently from those of less creative individuals. The building blocks of creativity in writers are often hardwired, influenced by how their brains process neurochemicals even before birth.
Dopamine and Creativity: Neurological Mechanisms
Research shows that highly creative individuals have distinct brain characteristics. Creatives often experience low dopamine levels despite producing a typical amount. The difference lies in the scarcity of dopamine D2 receptors in their thalamus, which affects the ability to filter information. This ability is called latent inhibition.
The Role of Latent Inhibition in Creativity
Latent inhibition, a filtering mechanism linked to dopamine, normally helps individuals ignore stimuli previously deemed irrelevant. Reduced latent inhibition allows people to perceive familiar objects or ideas as novel, a trait commonly found in highly creative individuals. Low dopamine levels reduce latent inhibition, enhancing creativity by decreasing the brain’s filtering capacity.
This lack of dopamine receptors enables creative people to connect disparate ideas and information. They ask imaginative questions like, “What if someone got bitten by a radioactive spider?” (Spider-Man), “What happens when someone with inborn psychic tendencies is exposed to a psychotropic substance?” (Dune), and “What if participants in a government clinical trial develop psychic powers and have a child together?” (Firestarter).
Creativity and Mental Illness: Debunking a Persistent Myth
The connection between creativity and mental illness has been romanticized for decades. As Salvador Dali said, “There is only one difference between a madman and me. I am not mad.” However, mental illness is neither necessary nor sufficient for creativity. While there may be some overlap in traits—such as the ability to see unusual connections—creativity exists independently of mental health disorders.
The Neurochemistry of Creative Work
Dopamine and serotonin are the primary causes of the initial burst of excitement that many writers experience when starting a new project. When starting a new project, dopamine is released, providing an initial enthusiasm rush. However, as neurotransmitter levels drop, so does the initial excitement, leading to what some writers call “the sticky middle” of a project. At this point, discipline becomes essential to continue without abandoning the work. Although new ideas stimulate creative minds, completing projects requires sustained focus and delayed gratification.
Brain Differences in Professional and Novice Writers
Studies by Martin Lotze at the University of Greifswald show that professional and novice writers activate different brain regions while writing. Novices rely on their visual centers during brainstorming, whereas expert writers engage regions involved in speech. When writing, the caudate nucleus—a region associated with practiced skills—activates in professionals but remains dormant in novices. These findings suggest that while creativity may be innate, writing mastery requires training and practice.
Motivation and Discipline in Writing
As challenges arise and the novelty fades, serotonin levels drop, potentially leading to frustration and self-doubt. Amateurs might abandon their projects at this stage or start a new one. Professional writers, however, develop the discipline to push through the rough patches. They rely on structured methods, such as detailed outlines or daily word-count goals, to sustain momentum when the initial rush fades.
Moving Past Self-Doubt to Storytelling Success
The creative process involves as much persistence and craft as it does inspiration. Each writer has unique challenges; some struggle with plot development, while others struggle with crafting engaging characters. Structural weaknesses may flatten an otherwise good story, and issues with emotional depth, description, or realistic dialogue can detract from the reader’s experience.
New writers, proud of their initial work, often find it difficult to accept critiques that could improve their writing. Experienced writers, however, understand the value of constructive criticism and welcome feedback to refine their craft. The heart of the writer’s journey lies between these two stages, requiring self-awareness and resilience to overcome faults and become accomplished storytellers.
Stages of Writing Proficiency
- New Writers: New writers are often verbose, with excessive filler, vague language, and stilted dialogue. Their characters may lack depth, pacing can be uneven, and grammar is sometimes weak. Many new writers rely on telling instead of showing, often resorting to info dumps. They also struggle with world-building, especially in fantasy or science fiction genres, where magic systems or futuristic concepts dominate their focus. Writing 500 words can feel daunting, and “writer’s block” is common.
- Intermediate Writers: Writers in this stage have learned the basics of plotting, pacing, grammar, and character development. Their dialogue sounds more natural, and they can navigate from story point A to point B. However, the writing process can still be anxiety-inducing, and they may rely on familiar ideas circulating in the literary landscape rather than generating original ones. They aspire to write consistently but may not have yet found a reliable routine. Writing 500 words is still a challenge.
- Experienced Writers: These writers have achieved a level of proficiency where they produce polished work consistently. They maintain structured writing schedules, achieve balanced plotting and pacing, and bring their characters and worlds to life through “showing” rather than “telling.” Writing 500 words feels like an “easy day” and can be accomplished in less than an hour.
The Upshot
While a writer may be born with brain chemistry that fosters creativity, achieving excellence in writing demands discipline, resilience, and constant learning. Creativity lays the groundwork, but mastering the craft of writing is a long, often challenging journey that combines talent with unyielding dedication.
Image Credit: Generated by DALL-E.
References:
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/science/researching-the-brain-of-writers.html
https://medlicker.com/789-low-dopamine-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment-options
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/the-real-link-between-creativity-and-mental-illness/